NumPy

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Description: NumPy (Numerical Python) is an open-source Python library fundamental to scientific computing. It's primarily used for working with multi-dimensional arrays (ndarrays), which are significantly faster than standard Python lists for numerical operations. NumPy also provides a vast collection of high-level mathematical functions, including those for linear algebra, Fourier transforms, random number generation, and statistical analysis. These capabilities make it a cornerstone of many data science and scientific computing libraries in Python, such as Pandas, Scikit-learn, and SciPy. NumPy's speed advantage stems from its efficient memory management and the use of optimized C and C++ code for computationally intensive tasks. It was created in 2005 by Travis Oliphant, building upon earlier libraries like Numeric and Numarray.

Website: https://numpy.org